Theodlites of old design had a horizontal-and vertical circle of metall.The direction reading took place with cooperation of a vernier. Nowadays the theodolites use a horizontal-and vertical circles of glass. The reading takes place with optical auxiliary means stations instruments, which are similar with a thedolite,consist of digitized circle and were read off electronically.
| Devices: The trivet conect the instrument and tripod,because on the one hand it ingest the taper action screw and on the other hand it ingest the adapter end.. The lower part consist of adapter end and bearing. The encampment ingest the upper part and the middle part. The middle part consist of the circle jack and the horizontal circle. The circle jack with the horizontal circle turn by repetitive arround bearing. The upper part consist of telescope carrier,telescope,vertical circle,display and bubble resp.slope compensator. The upper part is turnable above the middle and lower part, because the vertical axis turn arround in the bearing. Older terms differentiate: - Alhidade for the uppr part with the display; - Limbus for the horizontal circle. Height-and side clamps: to determine the rotable upper part and the tilting telescope conduce the height and side clamps.After you clambs the upper part to the lower part, you can,with cooperate of side fine tided,turn arround the telescope delicate. After clamp the the telescope to the telescope carrier with the height clamp you can,with cooperate of the height fine tided, tilt the telescope delicate. |
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| Horizontal circle
and circle clamp: At turn the instruments,the upper part swivels with the display above the determine horizontal level. With cooperate of the circle clamp,repetition clamp, its possible,at the rotation of the upper part that you can turn the horizontal circle,too. With the circle clamp you can to a zero direction the wished direction, almost 0,000 gradian,justify.This appliance allows the delicate missplace of the middle part opposite the upper part. |
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| Height index: automatic height index: a commutes optical system put through the gravity,the vertical.A part of the vertical circle is imaged through the optical system. |
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| Axis of the theodolits: - vertical axis VV, vertical rotations axis of the instrument; - tilt axis HH or KK, ; - telescope axis ZZ, processes by the epicenters of the objektiv and line cross disk - level axis of the tube vial of the vertical axis level LLR; - level axis of the circular vial LLD. |
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| Adjustment display
to meassure the distance: A theodolit has to proof on the following faults.The adjustments are to redeem, with in the correlative fault have no negative effect to the meassurement . -no vertical axis fault: VV II LLD, vertical axis parallel to the axis of the circular vial; VV T LLR, vertical axis vetical to the axis of the tube vial. -no telescope axis fault: ZZ T HH; telescope axis vertical to the tilt axis. -no tilt axis fault: HH T VV; tilt axis vertical to the vertical axis. |
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| adjustment displayfor
the vertical angle measurement: handling have to verify: - Height index fault The connecting even between height index and tilt axis have to be a vertical. Verify of the height index fault: - fault effect All meassured zenith angles in one telescope level present through error level of the height index a systematic error. Aiming point -A point in height of the tilt axis of the instrument. measurement Aiming at aiming point in telescope level I and II and read off at V-circle a1 and a2. analysis The reading in telescope level I and II are each defective at the angle V. a1 = z + v und a2 = 400gon - z + v The sum of all defective reading have to result in 400 gon. a1 + a2 = (z + v) + (400 gon - z + v = 400 gon + 2 v In general a1 + a2 = 400 gon + 2 v |
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